Gondwana was a supercontinent that existed from the Neoproterozoic era around 550 million years ago until its breakup during the Jurassic period, around 180 million years ago. It included landmasses that are now part of Africa, South America, Antarctica, Australia, and the Indian subcontinent. Gondwana played a crucial role in the distribution of species and the geological evolution of the Earth, influencing biodiversity and the formation of distinct ecosystems. Its fragmentation significantly contributed to the current configuration of continents and has been pivotal in understanding plate tectonics and ancient climate patterns.